Participles and gerunds are verb forms used as adjectives or nouns from "summary" of Basic English Grammar For Dummies - UK by Geraldine Woods
Participles and gerunds can function as adjectives or nouns in a sentence. When used as adjectives, participles describe nouns or pronouns. For example, in the phrase "the crying baby," the participle "crying" describes the noun "baby." Gerunds, on the other hand, are verbs that function as nouns. They can be used as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. For instance, in the sentence "Swimming is her favorite hobby," the gerund "swimming" is the subject of the sentence. Participles and gerunds can also be used in phrases to provide additional information about a noun or pronoun. These phrases are called participial phrases or gerund phrases. Participial phrases consist of a participle and any accompanying words, while gerund phrases consist of a gerund and any words that modify or complement it. For example, in the sentence "The girl, running late for school, forgot her homework," the participial phrase "running late for school" describes the girl. In the sentence "I enjoy reading books," the gerund phrase "reading books" functions as the direct object of the verb "enjoy." It is important to distinguish between participles and gerunds when analyzing their function in a sentence. Participles are verb forms that act as adjectives, modifying nouns or pronouns. Gerunds, on the other hand, are verb forms that act as nouns, serving as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. By understanding how participles and gerunds can be used as adjectives or nouns, you can enhance your comprehension and mastery of English grammar.
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