Fatigue can lead to structural failure over time from "summary" of Aircraft Structures & Systems EASA Module 13 B2 by
Fatigue is a phenomenon that can occur in materials subjected to repeated loading and unloading. This can happen over an extended period, leading to structural damage that may not be immediately apparent. The process of fatigue involves the development and propagation of cracks within the material, which can eventually result in structural failure. When an aircraft is in operation, it is subjected to various forces and stresses during flight. These forces can cause small cracks to form within the structure, especially in areas where there are changes in geometry or stress concentrations. Over time, these cracks can grow in size due to the repeated loading and unloading cycles experienced during flight, a process known as fatigue crack growth. If left unchecked, these cracks can continue to grow until they reach a critical size where catastrophic failure may occur. This is why it is crucial for aircraft maintenance engineers to regularly inspect and assess the structural integrity of an aircraft to detect any signs of fatigue damage. By identifying and repairing these cracks early on, the risk of structural failure due to fatigue can be significantly reduced. In some cases, fatigue damage may not be visible on the surface of the material, making it even more challenging to detect. Advanced non-destructive testing techniques, such as ultrasound or eddy current testing, may be used to detect hidden fatigue cracks within the structure. These methods allow engineers to assess the health of the structure without causing any damage to the material.- Understanding the concept of fatigue and its potential consequences is essential for ensuring the safety and airworthiness of an aircraft. By being vigilant in monitoring and addressing fatigue damage, aircraft maintenance engineers can help prevent structural failure over time and ensure the continued safe operation of the aircraft.
