Original position from "summary" of A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition by John Rawls,Professor John Rawls
The original position is a hypothetical scenario in which individuals select principles of justice for the basic structure of society. This thought experiment allows us to consider what principles would be chosen by rational individuals who are unaware of their own characteristics and social position. In this scenario, individuals are behind a veil of ignorance that prevents them from knowing their race, gender, wealth, or social status. By placing individuals in the original position, we can ensure that the principles of justice they choose are fair and impartial. This is because they do not know what position they will occupy in society once the veil of ignorance is lifted. As a result, they are motivated to select principles that are in the best interest of everyone, regardless of their own personal circumstances. The original position serves as a tool for determining the principles of justice that should govern society. It helps us move beyond self-interest and consider the needs of all individuals, especially those who are disadvantaged or marginalized. By making decisions from behind the veil of ignorance, individuals are forced to think about justice in a more objective and impartial manner. The principles of justice that are selected in the original position are known as the two principles of justice. These principles include equal basic liberties for all individuals and social and economic inequalities that are arranged so as to benefit the least advantaged members of society. By prioritizing the rights and well-being of the most vulnerable members of society, these principles ensure fairness and equality for all.- The original position is a powerful tool for developing a theory of justice that is based on fairness, equality, and impartiality. By considering what principles individuals would choose under conditions of ignorance, we can create a more just and equitable society for all. The original position challenges us to think beyond our own self-interest and consider the needs of all individuals, particularly those who are most in need of justice and equality.
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