Distributive shares from "summary" of A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition by John Rawls,Professor John Rawls
Distributive shares refer to the allocation of social primary goods among individuals in a society. These goods include rights, liberties, income, wealth, and opportunities. The distribution of these goods is crucial in determining the fairness and justice of a society. In a just society, distributive shares should be determined based on principles that are agreed upon by individuals in a hypothetical initial position of equality. This hypothetical scenario, known as the original position, is where rational individuals would choose principles of justice without knowing their own place in society, such as their social status, wealth, or natural abilities.
The principles of justice that individuals would agree upon in the original position are the two principles of justice. The first principle requires equal basic liberties for all individuals, while the second principle focuses on the fair distribution of social and economic goods.
According to the second principle of justice, social and economic inequalities are permissible only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. This principle, known as the difference principle, ensures that the distribution of resources and opportunities in society is fair and just.
By adhering to the principles of justice established in the original position, distributive shares are allocated in a way that promotes equality, fairness, and the well-being of all individuals in society. This ensures that everyone has access to the basic goods and opportunities necessary for a good life, regardless of their starting point or circumstances.
In summary, distributive shares are the allocation of social primary goods in society based on principles of justice agreed upon in the original position. These principles ensure that the distribution of resources and opportunities is fair and benefits the least advantaged members of society. By following these principles, distributive shares contribute to creating a just and equitable society for all individuals.
