Reform movements struggled to gain traction from "summary" of A Rage for Order by Robert F. Worth
The reform movements in the Arab world, which emerged in the wake of the Arab Spring, faced significant challenges in gaining momentum and achieving their goals. These movements were comprised of various groups and individuals who sought political, social, and economic change in their respective countries. However, their efforts were often met with resistance from entrenched power structures and faced internal divisions and disagreements. One of the main obstacles that reform movements encountered was the lack of a unified vision and leadership. Without a clear strategy and cohesive leadership, these movements struggled to mobilize support and implement meaningful reforms. In some cases, competing factions within the movements clashed over tactics and goals, further weakening their effectiveness. Additionally, the authoritarian regimes in the Arab world were adept at co-opting or suppressing dissent. They used a combination of repression, propaganda, a...
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