The Red Army defeated the White Army from "summary" of A People's Tragedy by Orlando Figes
The civil war between the Reds and Whites was a brutal struggle for power in Russia. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, represented the Reds, while various anti-Bolshevik factions made up the White Army. The Whites were a diverse coalition of groups united in their opposition to the Bolsheviks. They included monarchists, liberals, conservatives, and socialists who feared the radical changes the Bolsheviks were implementing. The Red Army, on the other hand, was a disciplined force that was highly motivated by the promise of a new socialist society. They were fighting not just to defeat the Whites, but to defend the Bolshevik revolution and spread it to other countries. The Reds were able to mobilize a large number of troops and resources, thanks to their control of the industrial centers of Russia. In contrast, the White Army was plagued by internal divisions and a lack of central leadership. They were also hampered by their dependence on foreign support, which came with its own set of conditions and limitations. The Whites struggled to coordinate their efforts and lacked a clear vision for what they were fighting for, beyond the vague idea of restoring order and stability. As the civil war dragged on, the Reds gained the upper hand through a combination of military skill, political cunning, and ideological fervor. They employed ruthless tactics, such as the use of the Cheka (secret police) to root out dissent and terrorize their enemies. The Reds also benefited from the support of the peasantry, who saw them as champions of land reform and social justice. In the end, the Red Army emerged victorious, crushing the White forces and solidifying Bolshevik control over Russia. The defeat of the Whites was a turning point in Russian history, marking the beginning of the Soviet era and the consolidation of one-party rule. The civil war had been a brutal and devastating conflict, leaving millions dead and the country in ruins. But for the Bolsheviks, it was a necessary sacrifice to achieve their vision of a socialist utopia.
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