Humans have a preference for prosocial behavior from "summary" of A Natural History of Human Thinking by Michael Tomasello
Humans have a preference for prosocial behavior. This means that we are naturally inclined to act in ways that benefit others, even at a cost to ourselves. This preference is evident in a variety of contexts, from early childhood to adulthood. One of the key pieces of evidence for this preference comes from research on young children. Studies have shown that even infants as young as 6 months old display a preference for individuals who display prosocial behavior. For example, they are more likely to reach for a toy offered by a helpful individual rather than one offered by a hindering individual. As children grow older, this preference for prosocial behavior continues to shape their interactions with others. For instance, children as young as 3 years old have been shown to share resources with others, even when they have no expectation of receiving anything in return. This behavior is not limited to childhood; adults also display a preference for prosocial behavior in various situations. In addition to these empirical findings, there are also theoretical reasons to believe that humans have a preference for prosocial behavior. From an evolutionary perspective, acting in ways that benefit others can increase the chances of survival for both the individual and their group. By cooperating with others and forming strong social bonds, humans are better able to overcome challenges and thrive in a variety of environments.- The concept that humans have a preference for prosocial behavior is supported by both empirical research and theoretical considerations. This preference emerges early in development and continues to influence our behavior throughout our lives. By understanding this fundamental aspect of human nature, we can gain insights into why we are motivated to act in ways that benefit others, even when it may come at a cost to ourselves.
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