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The Byzantine Empire maintained control over the Holy Land from "summary" of A History of Israel and the Holy Land by Michael Avi-Yonah
During the early centuries of the Christian era, the Byzantine Empire exerted its authority over the Holy Land, enforcing its control through various means. The Byzantine emperors claimed dominion over the region, viewing it as an integral part of their imperial domain. This control was not merely symbolic, but was backed by the presence of Byzantine officials, military garrisons, and administrative structures in key locations throughout the Holy Land. One of the primary ways in which the Byzantine Empire maintained its grip on the region was through the establishment of ecclesiastical institutions. The Byzantine emperors promoted Christianity as the official religion of the empire, and sought to assert their religious authority in the Holy Land. They built churches, monasteries, and other religious institutions, and appointed bishops and clergy to oversee the spiritual life of the local Christian communities. This close connection between the Byzantine state and the Christian church helped to reinforce Byzantine control over the Holy Land. In ...
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