Political Islam emerged as a powerful force in the 20th century from "summary" of A History of Islamic Societies by Ira M. Lapidus
In the 20th century, Political Islam gained momentum as a significant force in the Islamic world. This emergence can be attributed to a variety of factors, including colonialism, nationalism, and the decline of traditional Islamic institutions. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which had been a symbol of Islamic unity for centuries, left a power vacuum that various political movements sought to fill. One of the key drivers of Political Islam was the desire to establish Islamic states based on sharia, or Islamic law. This push for the implementation of sharia was seen as a way to combat the perceived moral decay brought about by Western colonialism and modernization. Islamic political movements argued that only by returning to the true principles of Islam could Muslim societies overcome their challenges and achieve true independence. Another important aspect of Political Islam in the 20th century was its emphasis on social justice and economic equality. Many Islamic movements framed their struggle in terms of fighting against corruption, inequality, and poverty, which they saw as products of Western capitalism and imperialism. By advocating for a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, these movements were able to attract a broad base of support among disenfranchised populations.- Political Islam in the 20th century represented a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that was shaped by a wide range of historical, political, and social factors. By tapping into the deep reservoirs of Islamic tradition and identity, these movements were able to mobilize significant support and challenge existing power structures. The legacy of Political Islam continues to be felt today, as Islamic movements around the world grapple with the complexities of modernity and globalization.
