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Avoiding cognitive biases from "summary" of A Guide to Logical Thinking by William Maurice Shanner
It is important to be aware of cognitive biases when engaging in logical thinking. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. Being aware of these biases can help individuals make more objective and rational decisions. One common cognitive bias is confirmation bias, where individuals tend to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This bias can lead to individuals ignoring evidence that contradicts their beliefs, resulting in flawed reasoning. Another cognitive bias is anchoring bias, where individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information they receive when making decisions. This can lead to individuals making decisions based on irrelevant information, rather than considering all relevant factors. Additionally, availability bias is another common cognitive bias, where individuals make decisions based on information readily available to them, rather than considering all relevant information. This bias can lead to individuals making decisions based on incomplete or inaccurate information. To avoid cognitive biases, individuals should strive to be aware of their existence and actively work to counteract them. This can be done by seeking out diverse sources of information, considering all relevant factors before making decisions, and challenging one's preexisting beliefs. By being mindful of cognitive biases and actively working to avoid them, individuals can improve their logical thinking skills and make more informed and rational decisions. This can lead to better outcomes in both personal and professional contexts.
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