Noncooperation and civil disobedience movements from "summary" of A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir
The noncooperation movement was a significant turning point in India's struggle for independence. It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919. The movement aimed to challenge British authority through nonviolent means, such as boycotting government institutions, schools, and foreign goods. This mass mobilization of Indians from different walks of life demonstrated unity and strength in their fight against colonial rule. Civil disobedience, another form of protest, was initiated as a follow-up to the noncooperation movement. It involved breaking unjust laws and peacefully accepting the consequences. Gandhi believed that civil disobedience was a powerful tool for challenging oppressive regimes and bringing about social change. The Salt Satyagraha, where Indians marched to the sea to make salt in defiance of British salt laws, is a prime example of civil disobedience in action. Both noncooperation and civil disobedience movements emphasized the power of passive resistance and moral courage. They encouraged Indians to take control of their own destinies and assert their rights in the face of injustice. The success of these movements lay in their ability to galvanize the masses and create a sense of national pride and solidarity.
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