Birth of revolutionary movements in India from "summary" of A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir
During the late 19th century, India witnessed the emergence of revolutionary movements that sought to challenge British colonial rule. These movements were inspired by a sense of nationalism and a desire for independence from foreign domination. The birth of such movements can be traced back to the dissatisfaction among Indians with the oppressive policies of the British government. One of the earliest revolutionary groups was the Bengal Revolutionary Society, founded in 1902 by Aurobindo Ghosh and his brother Barindra Kumar Ghosh. This group advocated for the use of violence as a means to achieve political ends and played a significant role in shaping the revolutionary movements in India. The partition of Bengal in 1905 further fueled nationalist sentiments and led to the rise of extremist groups such as the Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar. These groups carried out a series of revolutionary activities, including assassinations of British officials and attacks on government institutions, in an effort to destabilize British rule. The Swadeshi movement, which called for the boycott of foreign goods and the promotion of Indian-made products, also played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses against British imperialism. This movement not only sought to economically weaken the British government but also fostered a sense of national pride among Indians. The revolutionary movements in India were not limited to a particular region or group; they had a pan-Indian character and attracted individuals from diverse backgrounds. The leaders of these movements, such as Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and Subhas Chandra Bose, became iconic figures in the struggle for independence and inspired future generations of freedom fighters.- The birth of revolutionary movements in India marked a turning point in the country's struggle for independence. These movements challenged the legitimacy of British rule and laid the foundation for the mass mobilization that eventually led to India's freedom in 1947.
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