Hawking radiation from black holes from "summary" of A Breif History of Time and the Universe in a Nutshell by Stephen Hawking
Black holes are known for their immense gravitational pull that not even light can escape from. However, in the 1970s, Stephen Hawking proposed a groundbreaking idea that challenged this notion. According to Hawking, black holes are not completely black; they can emit radiation due to quantum effects near the event horizon. This phenomenon, known as Hawking radiation, occurs when pairs of particles and antiparticles are created near the event horizon of the black hole. One particle falls into the black hole while the other escapes into space. The particle that falls into the black hole reduces the mass of the black hole, while the particle that escapes carries away energy, resulting in the emission of radiation. Hawking radiation has significant implications for the fate of black holes. Over time, as black holes emit radiation, they lose mass and eventually evaporate completely. This leads to the paradoxical idea that information about the objects that fell into the black hole is lost, as the radiation emitted is completely random and contains no information about the objects. The concept of Hawking radiation challenges our understanding of black holes and the laws of physics. It suggests that black holes are not eternal entities that continue to grow in size, but dynamic objects that can emit radiation and eventually disappear. This idea has sparked debates and discussions among scientists and has opened new avenues for research in the field of astrophysics and quantum mechanics.
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