Genetic mutations contribute to variation from "summary" of The Origin of Species (Deluxe Library Binding) (Annotated) by Charles Darwin
It is well known that all organisms tend to vary in some degree, and that variations are passed down from one generation to the next. This variation is not limited to superficial traits like color or size, but can also extend to more fundamental aspects such as the structure and function of an organism's body. The underlying cause of this variation lies in the occurrence of genetic mutations, which are essentially changes in the DNA sequence of an organism. Genetic mutations can arise spontaneously or as a result of external factors such as radiation or chemicals. When these mutations occur in the germline cells (sperm or egg cells) of an organism, they can be passed down to the offspring. Over time, as these mutations accumulate and are spread throughout a population, they can give rise to a wide range of variations within that population. It is important to note that not all genetic mutations result in visible changes in an organism. Many mutations are silent or have a negligible effect on the phenotype of an organism. However, even these seemingly insignificant mutations can contribute to the overall genetic diversity of a population.- There would be no raw material for natural selection to act upon, and evolution would not be possible. Thus, genetic mutations play a crucial role in shaping the diversity of life on Earth.
