Summary of The Iliad of Homer (伊里亞德)

"The Iliad," attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer, is one of the foundational texts of Western literature and is set during the Trojan War, which is a legendary conflict between the city of Troy and the Greek states. The narrative primarily focuses on the wrath of Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior, who is enraged after a dispute with Agamemnon, the leader of the Greek forces. Agamemnon seizes Achilles' war prize, the maiden Briseis, leading Achilles to withdraw from battle in protest. This act significantly shifts the tide of the war in favor of the Trojans. The epic explores themes of glory, honor, fate, and the consequences of pride and rage. As the conflict escalates, various characters, including Hector, the Trojan prince, and other key figures from both the Greek and Trojan sides, are introduced, showcasing their motivations and struggles. Amidst battles and personal challenges, Achilles grapples with his sense of honor and the inevitability of death. The story culminates in a series of deeply personal and tragic events, particularly the death of Patroclus, Achilles’ close companion, which reignites Achilles' fury and propels him back into the fray, seeking revenge against Hector. Ultimately, "The Iliad" reflects on the nature of heroism and the profound impacts of war on individuals and society. It ends with Hector's death and the mourning of his family, leaving a haunting conclusion about the futility and sorrow of conflict. The work is celebrated not just for its epic storytelling and rich language but also for its deep philosophical and moral questions regarding human existence, honor, and the consequences of war.