Evolution is driven by genetic variation and environmental pressures from "summary" of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
In the process of evolution, the driving forces are the variations in the genetic makeup of organisms and the environmental pressures that act upon them. Genetic variation is the raw material upon which natural selection acts, leading to changes in populations over time. These variations can arise from mutations, genetic recombination, or other processes that introduce new genetic traits into a population. Environmental pressures, on the other hand, are the external factors that influence the survival and reproduction of organisms. These pressures can include competition for resources, predation, climate change, and other factors that affect the fitness of individuals within a population. Organisms that possess genetic traits that are advantageous in a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to future generations. The interaction between genetic variation and environmental pressures is what drives the process of evolution. As individuals with certain traits are selected for or against, the frequency of those traits in a population can change over time. This process can lead to the emergence of new species, as populations diverge and adapt to different environmental conditions. The concept of evolution as driven by genetic variation and environmental pressures provides a framework for understanding the diversity of life on Earth. It highlights the dynamic nature of populations and the ways in which organisms are shaped by their interactions with their environment. By studying how these forces operate in nature, we can gain insights into the mechanisms behind the process of evolution.
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