They form alliances with fungi for mutual benefit from "summary" of The Hidden Life of Trees by Peter Wohlleben
Trees in the forest do not live in isolation. They form connections with the world around them, including the fungi that grow in the soil beneath their roots. These fungi play a crucial role in the trees' lives, forming mutually beneficial partnerships with them. The fungi in the soil form a vast network known as the "wood wide web," through which they can communicate and share resources with each other and the trees above. This network allows trees to send signals, such as warnings of insect attacks or other threats, to neighboring trees through the fungi. In return, the fungi receive sugars and other nutrients from the trees, which they need to survive. This relationship between trees and fungi is not one-sided. The fungi help the trees by extending their root systems, allowing them to access more water and nutrients than they could on their own. In this way, the trees and fungi work together to support each other's growth and survival. Through these alliances with fungi, trees are able to thrive in the forest ecosystem. They rely on the fungi for essential nutrients and support, while the fungi benefit from the sugars and other resources the trees provide. Together, they form a complex web of connections that sustains the entire forest community.
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