Stress can cause materials to deform permanently from "summary" of Stress and Strain by Winthrop Dickinson Means
When a material is subjected to stress, it may deform. This deformation can be temporary, meaning that the material will return to its original shape once the stress is removed. However, stress can also cause materials to deform permanently. This means that even after the stress is removed, the material will not return to its original shape. The permanent deformation of a material occurs when the stress applied to it exceeds a certain threshold known as the yield point. Once this yield point is surpassed, the material will no longer be able to recover its original shape, resulting in permanent deformation. The permanent deformation of a material is often a result of the movement of dislocations within its atomic structure. When stress is applied to a material, these dislocations can move and rearrange themselves, causing the material to deform. Once these dislocations have moved past a certain point, the material will be permanently deformed. It is important to note that the amount of stress required to cause permanent deformation in a material can vary depending on its composition and properties. Some materials may be more resistant to permanent deformation than others, while others may deform more easily. In engineering and materials science, understanding how stress can cause materials to deform permanently is crucial. Engineers must consider the potential for permanent deformation when designing structures or components, as it can have significant implications for the performance and longevity of a material. By taking into account the behavior of materials under stress, engineers can ensure that their designs are both safe and reliable.
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