Hormones control growth and development from "summary" of Human Biology by Cecie Starr,Beverly McMillan
Hormones, chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system, play a crucial role in controlling growth and development. These powerful substances regulate various physiological processes in the body, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. During childhood and adolescence, hormones such as growth hormone and thyroid hormone are responsible for promoting growth and development. Growth hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates cell division and bone growth, leading to an increase in height. Thyroid hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism and energy expenditure, which are essential for growth and development. In addition to growth hormone and thyroid hormone, sex hormones also play a significant role in growth and development. During puberty, the release of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen triggers secondary sexual characteristics like breast development in females and facial hair growth in males. These hormones also influence bone growth and muscle development, contributing to the physical changes that occur during puberty. Furthermore, hormones are involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle in females and sperm production in males. The interplay of hormones like estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) ensures the proper functioning of the reproductive system and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.- Hormones act as chemical messengers that coordinate growth and development processes in the body. By interacting with target cells and tissues, hormones regulate gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation, ultimately shaping an individual's physical and physiological characteristics. Through a complex network of feedback mechanisms, hormones maintain homeostasis and ensure proper growth and development throughout the lifespan.
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