The Constitution provides for emergency powers from "summary" of Constitution of India (Prabhat Prakashan) by Pratap Kumar Ghosh
The Constitution of India grants the President the authority to declare three types of emergencies: national emergency, state emergency, and financial emergency. These emergency provisions are outlined in Part XVIII of the Constitution, from Articles 352 to 360. A national emergency can be declared when there is a threat to the security of India by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. This decision is made by the President based on the advice of the Council of Ministers. Once a national emergency is declared, the federal government gains expanded powers to manage the situation effectively. State emergency, also known as President's Rule, can be imposed on a state if there is a breakdown of constitutional machinery. This may occur due to reasons such as political instability, corruption, or failure to comply with the Constitution. In such cases, the President can assume direct control of the state's administration. Financial emergency can be declared if the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened. This provision empowers the President to issue directives to states to follow certain financial principles and priorities. It aims to ensure economic stability and prevent any financial crisis that may impact the country. The Constitution provides for these emergency powers to maintain the integrity, sovereignty, and stability of India in times of crisis. While these provisions are meant to be used sparingly and as a last resort, they play a crucial role in safeguarding the nation's interests during challenging circumstances. The emergency provisions serve as a safety net to protect the country from internal and external threats, ensuring that the government can act swiftly and decisively when necessary.
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